This tool focuses on the diagnostic criteria of icd and dsm and covers physical, cognitive, emotional and behavioural symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress disorders. The hospital anxiety and depression scale zigmond 1983. Validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale for use with patients with noncardiac chest pain. Defining hospital anxiety and depression scale hads structure. The hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical population of patients. Hads gives clinically meaningful results as a psychological screening tool and can assess the symptom severity and caseness of anxiety disorders and depression in patients with. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in both research and clinical contexts. The depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd is the most commonly used screening tool in medically ill patients. Supplement of brief questionnaires could improve the diagnostic accuracy of gps for these common mental disorders. Apr 07, 2010 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a 14item selfadministered instrument developed by zigmond and snaith to measure anxiety and depression symptomatology. Objective the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used to screen for anxiety and depression.
Accuracy of the hospital anxiety and depression scale as a screening tool in cancer patients. The had scale consists of a total of 14 questions with seven each on symptoms of anxiety and depression. It is suggested that the introduction of the scales into general hospital practice would. The aim of our study was to assess the psychological aspects of copd, to test the bode index a composite score of body mass, obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity, and to evaluate the association between. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a patient is experiencing. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and quality of. Anxiety and depression are common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease copd. Use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in a. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads has been used in several languages to assess anxiety and depression in general hospital patients with good results.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression in a general medical popul we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Tick the box beside the reply that is closest to how you have been feeling in the past week. For the twofactor model proposed by zigmond and snaith 1, satisfactory levels of cronbachs alphas were found for anxiety and depression factors in the community a. Patients completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale had scale, in the translated and validated version into the arabic language 25, 26. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is widely used in adult populations. General practitioners gps diagnostic skills lead to underidentification of generalized anxiety disorders gad and major depressive episodes mde. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads please check you. The hospital anxiety and depression had scale developed by zigmond and snaith 6 for the screening of psychological problems is short and simple, and has been found to be valid in the general practice setting 7. The hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith as a screening tool to capture clinically significant states of anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric hospital setting 4. Use of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in. The hospital anxiety and depression scale article, 1983. Diagnostic accuracy of the depression subscale of the. Hospital anxiety and depression scale the hads is a selfadministered scale consisting of 14 items split across anxiety and depression subscales, each with a fourpoint ordinal response format. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational.
To reduce the risk of a false positive bias, the scale does not assess symptoms of anxiety and depression related to. Assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population. To evaluate the accuracy of the depression subscale of hospital anxiety and depression scale hadsd in spine surgery, comparing it to beck depression inventory bdi. Yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads springerlink. The depression items tend to focus on the anhedonic symptoms of depression. The fact that clinical pictures show substantial overlap makes it difficult, using conventional instruments, to distinguish between the cooccurrence of anxiety and depression and overlap in definitions and measurement of the two syndromes. Depression anxiety and stress scale dass the dass is a 42item questionnaire which includes three selfreport scales designed to measure the negative emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. The use of tools such as the hospital anxiety and depression scale allow staff to identify and monitor anxiety and depression in patients in a busy preoperative setting. How does the hospial anxiety and depression scale measure.
It seems to be a useful tool for the scrutiny of mood disorders in portuguese patients with ms. The study used a pooled data set from three breast cancer clinical groups. The question of the relationship between anxiety and depression remains to be solved. The hospital anxiety and depression scale 363 table 1 numbers of patients in each category according to subscale scores depression scale non doubtful scores cases cases cases 07 57 11 1 810 8 7 3 1121 1 4 8 and the rating scale of any respondent who replied positively to either of these questions was discarded. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale to screen for depression in cardiac patients. The identification of people with mental distress requires norms obtained for the specific country. One such instrument is the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads 4.
The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of the questionnaire. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a valid and reliable selfrating scale that measures anxiety and depression in both hospital and community settings. Subjects rate the 14 items on a fivepoint scale 04. Responses are based on the relative frequency of symptoms over the past week. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads spinal cord. Pdf the arabic hospital anxiety and depression scale. James university hospital, leeds, yorkshire, england abstract a selfassessment scale has been developed and found to be a reliable instrument for detecting states of depression and anxi ety in the setting of an. The hads showed satisfactory psychometric properties as a screening instrument in assessing anxious and depressive states as two correlated. Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale in. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was devised 30 years ago by zigmond and snaith 1 to measure anxiety and depression. Resultsinduced women had lower cortisol concentrations during the latent phase compared to spontaneous onset of labor p 0. It has become a popular tool, for clinical practice and research.
Using the hospital anxiety and depression scale in surgical. It should be emphasised that selfassessment scales are only valid for screening purposes. Scores of 07 in respective subscales are considered normal, with 810 borderline and 11 or over indicating clinical caseness. Full text the hospital anxiety and depression scale, in patients with.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads can be used as a diagnostic aid with adolescents, with modifications to the cutoffs reflecting lower rates of depression among adolescents than among adults and higher rates of anxiety. Aug 01, 2003 the hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was developed by zigmond and snaith in 1983 to identify caseness possible and probable of anxiety disorders and depression among patients in nonpsychiatric hospital clinics. Five hundred and twelve italian consecutive hospitalized cancer patients completed the hads together with a form for the collection of personal and clinical data. Generalized anxiety disorder understanding the nature of worry and anxiety duration.
Download limit exceeded you have exceeded your daily download allowance. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. Problems in crosscultural use of the hospital anxiety and. A validation study of the hospital anxiety and depression. The anxiety and depressive subscales are also valid measures of seventy of the emotional disorder. Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet yes definitely yes sometimes no, not much no, not at all 1. Other than physically ill individuals, the hads is also used with community samplespopulations. It is used extensively in france, but has never been the subject of a full study in a population at work.
This is a self screening questionnaire for depression and anxiety. A large literature is citable in support of its validity, but difficulties are increasingly being identified, such as inexplicably discrepant optimal cutpoints and inconsistent factorstructures. The translation and evaluation of an urdu version of the hospital anxiety and depression. This study sought to evaluate the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the chinese version of hads in a community sample of adolescents residing in hong kong. Factor structure of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in coronary heart disease patients in three countries. Journal of evaluation in clinical practice, 142, 281287. Seven of the items relate to anxiety and seven relate to depression. However, formatting rules can vary widely between applications and fields of interest or study. Pdf the hospital anxiety and depression scale researchgate. An investigation into the psychometric properties of the. Pdf hospital anxiety and depression scale hads aastha. Factor analyses of the hospital anxiety and depression. The hospital anxiety and depression scale health and.
Kuijpers pm, denollet j, lousberg r, wellens hj, crijns h, honig a. I get very frightened or have panic feelings for apparently no reason at all. Outcome measure hospital anxiety and depression scale hads sensitivity to change yes population adult domain psychological status anxiety and depression type of measure selfreport scale icfcodes b152 emotional functions description the hads is a 14item selfreport measure, with seven items forming a depression subscale and another seven measuring anxiety. The objective of this study was to generate normative values and to test psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads for the general population of colombia. The dependent variables were hads anxiety and depression subscale scores. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads was originally developed by zigmond and snaith 1983 and is commonly used by doctors to determine the levels of anxiety and depression that a person is experiencing. The patient should be instructed not to take too long over their replies. The aims of this study were to examine the usefulness of the hospital anxiety and depression rating scale hads for gps by. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is frequently used to measure symptoms of anxiety and depression. The validity of the hospital anxiety and depression scale. I wake early and then sleep badly for the rest of the night. This article examines whether these problems could be due to the construction of the. The degree of lung function may not explain anxiety and depression.
Hospital anxiety and depression scale scoring sheet. The 15th and 16th items represent the total anxiety and depression score of. If your doctor knows about these feelings he or she will be able to help you more. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a brief selfreporting twodimensional questionnaire developed to screen for levels of anxiety and depression among patients in a general hospital setting. Factor analyses of the hospital anxiety and depression scale.
Anxiety and depression in the general population in. The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care medical practice. While there are several normative studies in europe, latin american normative values are missing. Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and. The hads was administered to 521 participants 275 controls and 246 inpatients and outpatients of the internal medicine and surgical departments in attikon general hospital in athens. Anxiety and depression in copd patients and correlation. Psychometric evaluation of the hospital anxiety and depression. There is a need to assess the contribution of mood disorder, especially anxiety and depression, in order to understand the experience of.
The hospital anxiety and depression scale, or hads, was designed to provide a simple yet reliable tool for use in medical practice. Jul 14, 2005 the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads is a widely used selfreport instrument designed as a brief assessment tool of the distinct dimensions of anxiety and depression in nonpsychiatric populations 11, 12. In a crosssectional study, the hadsd and the bdi were applied to patients undergoing spine surgery for lumbar n9 or cervical spondylosis n17. During the past decades, the hads has been extensively validated in a variety of adult populations, including clinical and community samples, with welldocumented good. Hospital anxiety and depression scale occupational medicine.
The term hospital in its title suggests that it is only valid in such a setting but many studies conducted throughout the world have confirmed that it is valid when used in community settings and primary care. However uk normative data from hads remains limited. The hads is a 14item, 4point selfreport likert scale assessing anxiety and depression symptoms. By continuing to use our website, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Depression subscale of the hospital anxiety and depression. Anxiety depression summary the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads assesses anxiety and depression in a nonpsychiatric population through selfreporting. Hads is a selfreport questionnaire consisting of 16 items, the first 14 of which are scored. The hospital anxiety and depression scale hads rug. Many translated example sentences containing hospital anxiety and depression scale. Read each item and place a firm tick in the box opposite the reply which. Anxiety and depression in the general population in colombia. Doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses.
Normative data for the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Numerous and frequentlyupdated resource results are available from this search. The beauty of the hads score is its simplicity, speed and ease. It is a 14item questionnaire that consists of two subscales of seven items designed to measure levels both of anxiety and. Nov 03, 2015 generalized anxiety disorder understanding the nature of worry and anxiety duration. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. To determine the psychometric properties of the hospital anxiety and depression scale hads in patients with breast cancer and determine the suitability of the instrument for use with this clinical group.
This questionnaire is designed to help your doctor know how you feel. The objectives of this study were to present some psychometric properties of the hads on a large sample of french employees. Hospital anxiety and depression scale hads doctors are aware that emotions play an important part in most illnesses. Bgp article hospital anxiety and depression had scale. Mothers completed the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Hads hospital anxiety and depression scale youtube. It was divided into an anxiety subscale hadsa and a depression subscale hadsd both containing seven intermingled items.